Unit 5 Review ：Right Triangle Trigonometry Quick Guide

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Unit 5 Review: Right Triangle Trigonometry

Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the sides and angles of triangles. It has various applications in physics, engineering, architecture, and many other fields. In this review, we will focus on right triangle trigonometry, which is a fundamental concept in trigonometry that deals with right-angled triangles.

Right Triangle Trigonometry Basics

Before we dive into the details of right triangle trigonometry, let’s first review some basic concepts. In a right-angled triangle, one of the angles measures 90 degrees, and the side opposite this angle is called the hypotenuse. The other two sides are called the legs of the triangle. The legs that are adjacent to the right angle are known as the adjacent side and the opposite side, respectively.

Trigonometric Ratios

There are six trigonometric ratios in right triangle trigonometry: sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant, and cotangent. These ratios relate the angles of a triangle to its sides. The three main trigonometric ratios are sine, cosine, and tangent, which are defined as follows:

– Sine (sinθ) = opp/hyp

– Cosine (cosθ) = adj/hyp

– Tangent (tanθ) = opp/adj

For any given angle θ in a right-angled triangle, you can calculate the sine, cosine, and tangent ratios using the lengths of the sides. These ratios are useful for solving problems involving angles and side lengths in right-angled triangles.

Applications of Trigonometry

Right triangle trigonometry has many practical applications in various fields. For example, in geometry, trigonometric ratios are used to find the lengths of sides and measure angles in right triangles. In physics, trigonometry is used to analyze forces, motion, and waves. In engineering, trigonometry is used in structural design, navigation, and surveying. In architecture, trigonometry is used to design and construct buildings and bridges.

Real-World Problems

To illustrate the application of right triangle trigonometry, let’s consider a real-world problem. Suppose you are standing at the top of a lighthouse, and you need to determine the distance from the lighthouse to a ship that is sailing towards you. By measuring the angle of elevation to the ship and using trigonometric ratios, you can calculate the distance between the lighthouse and the ship.

Another example is calculating the height of a tree. By measuring the angle of elevation from a horizontal line to the top of the tree and the distance from the observer to the tree, you can use trigonometric ratios to find the height of the tree.

Unit 5 Review: Right Triangle Trigonometry Problems

Now, let’s review some practice problems to reinforce your understanding of right triangle trigonometry:

1. In a right-angled triangle, the length of the hypotenuse is 10 units, and the length of one leg is 6 units. Calculate the length of the other leg.

Solution:

Using the Pythagorean theorem, we have:

(6)^2 + (x)^2 = (10)^2

36 + x^2 = 100

x^2 = 100 – 36

x^2 = 64

x = √64

x = 8 units

Therefore, the length of the other leg is 8 units.

2. Calculate the sine, cosine, and tangent of a 30-degree angle in a right-angled triangle with a hypotenuse of 5 units.

Solution:

Using the trigonometric ratios:

Sine (sin30) = opp/hyp = (1/2)(5) = 2.5

Cosine (cos30) = adj/hyp = (√3/2)(5) ≈ 4.33

Tangent (tan30) = opp/adj = (1/√3) ≈ 0.58

Therefore, the sine, cosine, and tangent of a 30-degree angle are 2.5, 4.33, and 0.58, respectively.

3. A ladder is leaning against a wall at an angle of 60 degrees. If the foot of the ladder is 12 feet away from the wall, find the length of the ladder.

Solution:

Using the sine trigonometric ratio:

sin60 = opp/hyp

sin60 = h/12

h = 12sin60

h ≈ 10.4

Therefore, the length of the ladder is approximately 10.4 feet.

Conclusion

In this review, we have covered the basics of right triangle trigonometry, including trigonometric ratios, applications, and real-world problems. Understanding right triangle trigonometry is essential for solving problems involving angles and side lengths in right-angled triangles. By practicing the concepts and solving problems, you can improve your skills in trigonometry and apply them to various fields. Keep practicing and exploring new problems to deepen your understanding of right triangle trigonometry.

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